Isimo Samanje kanye Nezitayela Zesikhathi esizayo Zomkhakha Weziponji Womhlaba Wonke

Njengento ebalulekile yezimboni, isiponji sisetshenziswa kabanzi empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Ngakho-ke, yimaphi amazwe amakhulu akhiqiza izipontshi emhlabeni?

Ini? Lesi sihloko sizokwembulela iphethini yokusabalalisa yomhlaba wonke kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo zemboni yezipontshi.

1. Ukwembula izimfihlo zamazwe akhiqiza isipontshi esikhulu kakhulu

Imboni yezipontshi ibonisa izici zesifunda ezisobala emhlabeni wonke. Njengamanje, iShayina iyizwe elikhiqiza isipontshi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwaso kwezipontshi kufinyelela cishe ingxenye yomkhiqizo ophelele emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo esikhulu semakethe yaseChina kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yezipontshi yaseShayina iphinde yazuza imiphumela emangalisayo ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe nasekulawuleni izindleko, ihlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu emakethe yezipontshi yomhlaba wonke.

1. Izizathu zokukhula okuqhubekayo komthamo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe

Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhula okuqhubekayo komkhiqizo wezipontshi waseShayina uthunyelwa ngaphandle yilezi ezilandelayo. Okokuqala nje, imboni yemikhiqizo yezipontshi yaseShayina yenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi, futhi izinga lomkhiqizo nokuphepha kuye kwaqashelwa izimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Okwesibili, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthandwa nomthelela wemikhiqizo yesipontshi saseShayina ezimakethe zaphesheya kuye kwanda kancane kancane, kudonsela ukunaka nokubambisana kwamakhasimende amaningi aphesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yemikhiqizo yezipontshi yaseChina nayo ibamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe futhi iyaqhubeka nokwandisa izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle ngokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuqinisa ukuxhumana namakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle.

Ngaphezu kwe-China, i-United States ne-Europe nazo zingamazwe amakhulu akhiqiza izipontshi. Imboni yezipontshi yaseMelika idume ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuphambili bokukhiqiza kanye nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi, kuyilapho iYurophu ithuthukise imboni yesipontshi eyingqayizivele nemiqondo yayo yokuvikela imvelo kanye nesidingo semakethe esiphezulu.

2. Iphethini yokusabalalisa yomhlaba wonke yemboni yesipontshi

Ngokombono wembulunga yonke, imboni yesipontshi iveza iphethini yokukhiqiza ne-China, i-United States kanye ne-Europe njengomongo. Phakathi kwazo, imboni yezipontshi e-Asia ithuthuka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi emazweni anjengeChina neNdiya, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwesipontshi kwanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Afrika, i-Latin America nezinye izifunda nazo zithuthukisa imboni yesiponji, kepha isilinganiso sonke sincane.

3. Amathrendi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo embonini yesipontshi

Ngokuthuthuka kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nokusha kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo, imboni yesipontshi ithuthuka ngendlela eluhlaza, ephansi-carbon kanye nesiqondiso esihlakaniphile. Esikhathini esizayo, imboni yesipontshi izonaka kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme, futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinobungani bemvelo namandla ahlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obunjengokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto kuzoletha namathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa embonini yezipontshi.

Isidingo semikhiqizo yesipontshi ezimakethe zaphesheya siyaqhubeka nokukhula, ngamandla amakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthuthuka komnotho womhlaba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu, isidingo sabathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle semikhiqizo yezipontshi esezingeni eliphezulu siyaqhubeka sikhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amazwe asathuthuka kanye nezifunda ziyasheshisa inqubo yazo yezimboni, futhi isidingo semikhiqizo yesipontshi sikhula kancane kancane. Lezi zici zinikeze indawo yemakethe ebanzi kanye namathuba embonini yemikhiqizo yezipontshi yaseChina.

Ngamafuphi, imboni yezipontshi yomhlaba wonke iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi yanda, ikhombisa iphethini yokukhiqiza ne-China, i-United States ne-Europe njengomongo. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nokuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, imboni yezipontshi izongenisa indawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa.

Umthamo wokuthekelisa wemikhiqizo yesipontshi uyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi izimakethe zaphesheya zinamandla amakhulu